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      MySQL学习笔记_day6
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    <h2 id="6-DML语言"><a href="#6-DML语言" class="headerlink" title="6 DML语言"></a>6 DML语言</h2><ul>
<li>DML(Data Manipulation Language) 数据操纵语言：insert update delete</li>
<li>作用：对表中的数据的增删改</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="6-1-数据的插入"><a href="#6-1-数据的插入" class="headerlink" title="6.1 数据的插入"></a>6.1 数据的插入</h3><ul>
<li>语法：</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql">插入单行：
	<span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> 表名<span class="token punctuation">(</span>字段名<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>字段名<span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>值<span class="token number">1</span>，值<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">#支持子查询</span>
	<span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> 表名 <span class="token keyword">set</span> 列名<span class="token operator">=</span>值<span class="token punctuation">,</span>列名<span class="token operator">=</span>值<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  <span class="token comment">#不支持子查询</span>
插入多行：
	<span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> 表名<span class="token punctuation">(</span>字段名<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>字段名<span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span>
	 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>值<span class="token number">1</span>，值<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>值<span class="token number">1</span>，值<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>值<span class="token number">1</span>，值<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>特点：</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>①字段和值列表一一对应<br>包含类型、约束等必须匹配</p>
<p>②数值型的值，不用单引号<br>非数值型的值，必须使用单引号</p>
<p>③字段顺序无要求</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> stuinfo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">#案例1：要求字段和值列表一一对应，且遵循类型和约束的限制</span>
<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> stuinfo<span class="token punctuation">(</span>stuid<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stuname<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stugender<span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token punctuation">,</span>age<span class="token punctuation">,</span>majorid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'吴倩'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'男'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'wuqian@qq.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> stuinfo<span class="token punctuation">(</span>stuid<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stuname<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stugender<span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token punctuation">,</span>age<span class="token punctuation">,</span>majorid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'李宗盛2'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'女'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'wuqian@qq.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">#案例2：可以为空字段如何插入</span>
<span class="token comment">#方案1：字段名和值都不写</span>
<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> stuinfo<span class="token punctuation">(</span>stuid<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stuname<span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token punctuation">,</span>majorid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'齐鱼'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'qiqin@qq.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">#方案1：字段名写上，值使用null</span>
<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> stuinfo<span class="token punctuation">(</span>stuid<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stuname<span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token punctuation">,</span>age<span class="token punctuation">,</span>majorid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'齐鱼'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'qiqin@qq.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> stuinfo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">#案例3：默认字段如何插入</span>
<span class="token comment">#方案1：字段名写上，值使用default</span>
<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> stuinfo<span class="token punctuation">(</span>stuid<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stuname<span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stugender<span class="token punctuation">,</span>majorid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'齐小鱼'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'qiqin@qq.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">DEFAULT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">#方案2：字段名和值都不写</span>
<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> stuinfo<span class="token punctuation">(</span>stuid<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stuname<span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token punctuation">,</span>majorid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'齐小鱼'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'qiqin@qq.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">#案例4：可以省略字段列表，默认所有字段</span>
<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> stuinfo <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'林忆莲'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'女'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'lin@126.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> stuinfo <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'小黄'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'男'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'dd@12.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> stuinfo<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="6-2-数据的修改"><a href="#6-2-数据的修改" class="headerlink" title="6.2 数据的修改"></a>6.2 数据的修改</h3><ul>
<li>语法：</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">update</span> 表名 <span class="token keyword">set</span> 字段名 <span class="token operator">=</span> 新值<span class="token punctuation">,</span>字段名 <span class="token operator">=</span> 新值<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token keyword">where</span> 筛选条件<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token comment">#案例1：修改年龄&lt;20的专业编号为3号，且邮箱更改为 xx@qq.com</span>
<span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> stuinfo <span class="token keyword">SET</span> majorid <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'xx@qq.com'</span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> age<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="6-3-数据的删除"><a href="#6-3-数据的删除" class="headerlink" title="6.3 数据的删除"></a>6.3 数据的删除</h3><ul>
<li>语法：</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql">方式<span class="token number">1</span>：<span class="token keyword">delete</span>语句
	语法：<span class="token keyword">delete</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> 表名 <span class="token keyword">where</span> 筛选条件<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
方式<span class="token number">2</span>：<span class="token keyword">truncate</span>语句
	语法：<span class="token keyword">truncate</span> <span class="token keyword">table</span> 表名<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token comment">#案例1：删除姓李所有信息</span>
<span class="token keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> stuinfo <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> stuname <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'李%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">#案例2：删除表中所有数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">TRUNCATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> stuinfo <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【面试题】delete和truncate的区别</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token number">1.</span><span class="token keyword">delete</span>可以添加<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span>条件
  <span class="token keyword">TRUNCATE</span>不能添加<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span>条件，一次性清除所有数据

<span class="token number">2.</span><span class="token keyword">truncate</span>的效率较高

<span class="token number">3.</span>如果删除带自增长列的表，
  使用<span class="token keyword">DELETE</span>删除后，重新插入数据，记录从断点处开始
  使用<span class="token keyword">TRUNCATE</span>删除后，重新插入数据，记录从<span class="token number">1</span>开始
  <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> gradeinfo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">TRUNCATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> gradeinfo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> gradeinfo<span class="token punctuation">(</span>gradename<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'一年级'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'2年级'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'3年级'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  
<span class="token number">4.</span><span class="token keyword">delete</span> 删除数据，会返回受影响的行数
  <span class="token keyword">TRUNCATE</span>删除数据，不返回受影响的行数
  
<span class="token number">5.</span><span class="token keyword">delete</span>删除数据，可以支持事务回滚
  <span class="token keyword">TRUNCATE</span>删除数据，不支持事务回滚<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

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